RT-Thread-使用官方BOOT升级，看这一篇就够了？（以STM32F407VGT6为例）RT-Thread问答社区

使用官方BOOT升级，看这一篇就够了？（以STM32F407VGT6为例）

发布于 2025-04-15 22:00:08 浏览：784 订阅该版

[tocm]

## 前言

| ❗    | ❗                        | ❗        | ❗                                                          |
| ---- | ------------------------ | -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
| 环境 |                          |          |                                                            |
|      | win10                    |          |                                                            |
| 软件 |                          |          |                                                            |
|      | RT-Thread Studio         | 2.2.9    |                                                            |
|      | RT-Thread                | 5.1.0    |                                                            |
|      | Xshell                   | Xshell 7 | 用于传输升级固件，即使用串口升级                           |
|      | Tabby                    | 1.0.211  | 串口助手，可以选择xcom、sscom等，效果一样                  |
|      | STM32CubeProgrammer      | 2.17.0   | 用于烧录程序，也可选择其他软件，或是使用RTT-Studio直接烧录 |
|      | RT-Thread OTA 固件打包器 | 1.0.7    | 用于打包升级固件                                           |
| 硬件 |                          |          |                                                            |
|      | STM32F407VGT6            |          |                                                            |
|      | ST-Link                  |          |                                                            |

## 参考文章

> [博客最细 STM32CubeProgrammer 使用教程（学不会来找我）-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_62292999/article/details/140446389)
>
> [RT-Thread STM32F4通用BootLoader 的制作和使用（串口YModem协议升级方式）_使用rt-threadstudio移植rt-thread & 制作stm32通用bootloader-CSDN博客](https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44746581/article/details/106051414)

## BOOT
### 第一步：获取Boot固件

> [iot_admin](https://iot.rt-thread.com/#/login)
>
> 到RTT设备维护云平台创建设备，使用官方Boot固件。

![screenshot_image-20250415194911287.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/529e424adb083f73a725ea14389a06dd.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415195127572.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/5f5affcb3bdc94fdad249a5f2626e634.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415195255719.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/382984d37d9d19fbeb4f595f27f12ef2.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415195315186.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/d83ea064871701b078f28d91bd462aeb.png.webp)

按照上面的步骤填写相关信息，加密压缩根据需求选择，最后输入自己的邮箱（必填项），`点击生成Bootloder`就可以得到Boot固件了。
### 第二步：烧录Boot固件

![screenshot_image-20250415195724535.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/091d9b0d74ff77d395b9d45919fcbe00.png)

将下载的固件解压，并下载到单片机中。

![screenshot_image-20250415200634049.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/ed84e2f9c0a519d755f24f118589cb7b.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415200659309.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/375907c1e1b9a5626ff0ce31c8156bb5.png.webp)

烧录后，串口打印信息如上。

至此，你已完成Boot固件。

## APP

### 第一步：建立基本工程

![screenshot_image-20250415200946912.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/2fc4c0ea8fcc9556d338018fde3c1535.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415201055882.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/0b19f861043e1be24c58bad6a809bd58.png.webp)

创建完成后，直接编译，报错！！！

![screenshot_image-20250415201207754.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/7208e3dc47b745c666092cd745657e88.png.webp)

找到上图位置，修改`RT_WEAK`为`rt_weak`，再次编译，无错误。

### 第二步：修改`drv_clk.c`

![screenshot_image-20250415201415451.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/f841051fa67915a5044edcecedf7663b.png.webp)

```c
void system_clock_config(int target_freq_mhz)
{
    RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
    RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

/** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage
    */
    __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
    __HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
    /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
    * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
    */
    RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLM = 8;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLN = 168;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLP = RCC_PLLP_DIV2;
    RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLQ = 4;
    if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
    /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
    */
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                                |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV4;
    RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;

if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_5) != HAL_OK)
    {
      Error_Handler();
    }
}
```

### 第三步：打开`FAL`

![screenshot_image-20250415201701376.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/3223ec8b7d3ed8ddbcdfe8b34b5dcc7d.png.webp)

编译报错

![screenshot_image-20250415201741769.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/7cfac4b16c360de5d2dbca9937febc1f.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415201926830.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/fb71a10e368cfa1efe017edeec9950c5.png.webp)

打开`board.h`文件的`BSP_USING_ON_CHIP_FLASH`定义。

![screenshot_image-20250415202044422.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/07219f585028676096c6f40a7988b6df.png.webp)

检查一下`stm32f4xx_hal_conf.h` 中`HAL_FLASH_MODULE_ENABLED`是否打开。

![screenshot_image-20250415210041171.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/c064f21d02d98dc1d8e02901539cf621.png.webp)

注意`app`和`download`必须和`Boot`固件设置一样。

新建一个`fal_cfg.h`文件，再次编译无错误。

**一定要注意，芯片不同，`fal_cfg.h`文件也不同，`flash`块也不同。都需要根据实际情况进行修改，难度不大。**

```c
#ifndef _FAL_CFG_H_
#define _FAL_CFG_H_

#include <rtconfig.h>
#include <board.h>

#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_16K   (4 * 16 * 1024)
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_64K   (1 * 64 * 1024)
#define FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_128K  (7 * 128 * 1024)
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_16K  STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_64K  (STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_16K + FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_16K)
#define STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_128K (STM32_FLASH_START_ADRESS_64K + FLASH_SIZE_GRANULARITY_64K)
/* ===================== Flash device Configuration ========================= */
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_16k;
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_64k;
extern const struct fal_flash_dev stm32_onchip_flash_128k;
/* flash device table */
#define FAL_FLASH_DEV_TABLE                                            \
{                                                                      \
    &stm32_onchip_flash_16k,                                           \
    &stm32_onchip_flash_64k,                                           \
    &stm32_onchip_flash_128k,                                          \
}
#define FAL_PART_TABLE                                                                                                     \
{                                                                                                                          \
    {FAL_PART_MAGIC_WROD, "app",        "onchip_flash_128k", 0 * 128 * 1024, 1 * 128 * 1024, 0},                    \
    {FAL_PART_MAGIC_WROD, "download",   "onchip_flash_128k", 1 * 128 * 1024, 1 * 128 * 1024, 0},                    \
    {FAL_PART_MAGIC_WROD, "parameter",  "onchip_flash_128k", 2 * 128 * 1024, 2 * 128 * 1024, 0},                    \
}

#endif /* _FAL_CFG_H_ */
```

### 第四步：修改`main.c`

![screenshot_image-20250415210156033.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/2c308d3552cc65edd380087d535c540d.png.webp)

```c
#include <rtthread.h>

#define DBG_TAG "main"
#define DBG_LVL DBG_LOG
#include <rtdbg.h>

#include "fal.h"

#define APP_VERSION "1.0.0"

int main(void)
{
    int count = 1;
    fal_init();
    LOG_D("APP Version: %s build %s\r\n\r\n", APP_VERSION, __DATE__);
    while (count++)
    {
        LOG_D("Hello RT-Thread!");
        rt_thread_mdelay(10000);
    }

return RT_EOK;
}

```

### 第五步：修改`link.lds`

![screenshot_image-20250415203432361.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/7c17db10d4b033939bca6796409d7e4d.png.webp)

`ROM`起始地址与第一步Boot固件设置相同

![screenshot_image-20250415203559933.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/c372c99dddf31c13b2971b7a5119cc01.png.webp)

### 第六步：修改`VECT_TAB_OFFSET`

![screenshot_image-20250415210327501.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/95bde836e698713e18ecb7737b9874ed.png.webp)

### 第七步：将编译生成的`app`的`bin`文件烧录，注意烧录地址。

![screenshot_image-20250415205940188.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/fa599c55b269059eb9493ce72c857a66.png.webp)

### 结果

完成上面的步骤，`boot`已经可以正常跳转到`app`，运行正常。

![screenshot_image-20250415205917482.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/eb2a8992ce0cb990314baec586339f7f.png.webp)

## 尝试升级

### 第一步：添加`ota_downloader`软件包并打开`YModem`

![screenshot_image-20250415210743304.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/4d43c979262bbf2bd4ca91d8ea4b35cf.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415211006786.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/d25ee651874edc433bd948580f5964ed.png.webp)

可以先把`LOG_D("Hello RT-Thread!");`注释掉，影响后面输入指令，编译无误，再次将编译生成的`app`的`bin`文件烧录，注意烧录地址。

![screenshot_image-20250415211139967.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/993b735b390102bca52e6185da7f212b.png.webp)

### 第二步：修改`main.c`

修改一下版本号，方便升级对照。

```c
#include <rtthread.h>

#define DBG_TAG "main"
#define DBG_LVL DBG_LOG
#include <rtdbg.h>

#include "fal.h"

#define APP_VERSION "1.0.1"

int main(void)
{
    int count = 1;
    fal_init();
    LOG_D("APP Version: %s build %s\r\n\r\n", APP_VERSION, __DATE__);
    while (count++)
    {
//        LOG_D("Hello RT-Thread!");
        rt_thread_mdelay(10000);
    }

return RT_EOK;
}

```

### 第三步：生成固件升级包

选择刚才修改版本号并编译生成的新的`bin`文件，进行固件打包，得到`.rbl`文件

![screenshot_image-20250415211401859.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/1550f630b0a8929f38051f027c6b6ecb.png)

![screenshot_image-20250415211621199.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/a4a61e022e08cd4cc5ca538371bbe4f2.png)

### 第四步：开始升级

使用`Xshell`，可以通过`YModem`发送文件。

![screenshot_image-20250415211905479.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/c9e4122a458f7144ecbcdc0a62f426e3.png.webp)

输入命令`ymodem_ota`

![screenshot_image-20250415212057767.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/2cc0c1e7425c57e14c849bb91e9f845d.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415212007542.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/8bfe1b1a15eaff0dfe22349c4c647062.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415212158519.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/08a0a8a02d1a29afaffd1e78f80c143d.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415212209498.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/187a349727d69df5103ea2cd59c41ff7.png.webp)

![screenshot_image-20250415212228432.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20250415/d256066f091ac31ba527111d61e1ee31.png.webp)

版本号已经更新，升级成功。

## 可能出现的问题

1. ST-Link烧录失败
    1. 尝试降低下载速率。
    2. 其他Link下载问题，可以根据报错信息自行搜索。
2. `boot`跳转`app`失败
    1. 检查`boot`固件配置与`app`中的`fal_cfg.h`配置是否一致。
    2. 检查`VECT_TAB_OFFSET`是否修改。
    3. 其他问题，可以评论交流。
3. xxx