RT-Thread-【2024-RSOC】Day4 : RT-Thread设备驱动（上）RT-Thread问答社区

【2024-RSOC】Day4 : RT-Thread设备驱动（上）

发布于 2024-07-26 00:15:29 浏览：520 订阅该版

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# **【2024-RSOC】Day4 : RT-Thread设备驱动（上）**

**【2024-RSOC】** 基于RT-Thread官方开发板星火一号，本篇参考RT-Thread入门pdf资料《RT-Thread 内核-线程间同步》，和夏令营老师讲解，编写而成。本内容面向小白，因为写这个的作者也是小白，跟着夏令营刚开始学，欸嘿（笑）。

![0.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/f54250dee4f4760af66a43dbc51e0813.png.webp)
![1.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/92a06a6b42ebe42c36b759d7a08b1017.png.webp)

[在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/device/device)

如果初次使用spark的bsp软件包，未构建vscode文件，则参考我前日发布[【2024-RSOC】夏令营Day2：初识rt-thread及多线程简单试用](https://club.rt-thread.org/ask/article/9da7f2983ce3264f.html)中的`初次搞机（干通官方bsp源码）`小节，确保工程文件能正常打开烧录例程，再往下进行。

## 实验1 注册字符设备

>[小节相关在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/device/device?id=%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba%e5%92%8c%e6%b3%a8%e5%86%8c-io-%e8%ae%be%e5%a4%87)

代码如下：
```
#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <rtthread.h>

static int rt_device_test_init(void)
{
    //动态创建设备实例
    rt_device_t test_dev = rt_device_create(RT_Device_Class_Char,0);
    
    if(!test_dev)
    {
        rt_kprintf("test_dev create failed!\n");
        return -RT_ERROR;
    }

if(rt_device_register(test_dev,"test_dev",RT_DEVICE_FLAG_RDWR)!= RT_EOK)
    {
        rt_kprintf("test_dev register failed\n");
        return -RT_ERROR;
    }
    return RT_EOK;
}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(rt_device_test_init, rt_device_test_init);
```

![2.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/e15e561d3a3d6486c44dd0b0089bf20e.png)

## 实验2 按键ulog显示

>ulog 是一个非常简洁、易用的 C/C++ 日志组件，第一个字母 u 代表 μ，即微型的意思。它能做到最低ROM<1K, RAM<0.2K的资源占用。ulog 不仅有小巧体积，同样也有非常全面的功能，其设计理念参考的是另外一款 C/C++ 开源日志库：EasyLogger（简称 elog），并在功能和性能等方面做了非常多的改进。

>[ulog小节相关在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ulog/ulog)

首先在env中,我们打开`menuconfig.exe`,按照下图设置打开ulog。

首先找到ulog。
![3.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/74e0ef429eba7a73a7478aa7729e4255.png)

选中，再按回车进入内部，勾选`Enable ISR log`，保存退出，然后`scons -j32`编译。

![4.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/12597c8630ed4e9982d7b26487a823de.png)

新建.c文件，将以下代码添加进去。按f5运行。

代码如下：
```

#include <board.h>
#include <rtthread.h>
#include <drv_gpio.h>
#include <ulog.h>
#ifndef RT_USING_NANO
#include <rtdevice.h>
#endif /* RT_USING_NANO */

#define GPIO_LED_B    GET_PIN(F, 11)
#define GPIO_LED_R    GET_PIN(F, 12)
#define KET_UP        GET_PIN(C, 5)
#define KET_DOWN      GET_PIN(C, 1)
#define KET_LIFT      GET_PIN(C, 0)
#define KET_RIGHT     GET_PIN(C, 4)

#define LOG_TAG        "pin.irq"
#define LOG_LVL        LOG_LVL_DBG

void key_up_callback(void *args)
{
    int value = rt_pin_read(KET_UP);
    LOG_I("key up! %d",value);

}

void key_down_callback(void *args)
{
    int value = rt_pin_read(KET_DOWN);
    LOG_I("key down! %d",value);

}

void key_lift_callback(void *args)
{
    int value = rt_pin_read(KET_LIFT);
    LOG_I("key lift! %d",value);

}

void key_right_callback(void *args)
{
    int value = rt_pin_read(KET_RIGHT);
    LOG_I("key right! %d",value);

}

static int rt_pin_irq_example(void)
{
    rt_pin_mode(KET_UP, PIN_MODE_INPUT_PULLUP);
    rt_pin_mode(KET_DOWN, PIN_MODE_INPUT_PULLUP);
    rt_pin_mode(KET_LIFT, PIN_MODE_INPUT_PULLUP);
    rt_pin_mode(KET_RIGHT, PIN_MODE_INPUT_PULLUP);

rt_pin_attach_irq(KET_UP,PIN_IRQ_MODE_FALLING,key_up_callback,RT_NULL);
    rt_pin_attach_irq(KET_DOWN,PIN_IRQ_MODE_FALLING,key_down_callback,RT_NULL);
    rt_pin_attach_irq(KET_LIFT,PIN_IRQ_MODE_FALLING,key_lift_callback,RT_NULL);
    rt_pin_attach_irq(KET_RIGHT,PIN_IRQ_MODE_FALLING,key_right_callback,RT_NULL);

rt_pin_irq_enable(KET_UP,PIN_IRQ_ENABLE);   
    rt_pin_irq_enable(KET_DOWN,PIN_IRQ_ENABLE);
    rt_pin_irq_enable(KET_LIFT,PIN_IRQ_ENABLE);
    rt_pin_irq_enable(KET_RIGHT,PIN_IRQ_ENABLE);

return RT_EOK;

}

MSH_CMD_EXPORT(rt_pin_irq_example, rt pin irq examlpe);
```
运行结果如图：按压案件，会打印输出日志。
![5.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/997996cd2c0951054539b4469b05aa87.png)

---

##实验3 IIC读写。

首先在env中,我们打开`menuconfig.exe`,按照下图设置打开IIC。

![6.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/7c634d421c342a1a1d7ac939b6034f1d.png)

然后`scons -j32`编译。

已经能看到iic1已经注册。

![7.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/ede37b62f0ec36f7a3c2880acb0c1461.png)

## 实验4 修改Kconfig文件以添加自己设备

刚才我们选取IIC1已经看到了有5个IIC。如果我们要添加IIC6，那该如何讷？

在board目录下找到Kconfig文件打开，找到IIC的配置行。

![8.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/e6bd14857ea3e1d337232c939fd2079d.png.webp)

将IIC5整段复制，粘贴，修改为IIC6,再打开drv_soft_i2c.c,同样添加一段IIC6的代码如图。

![9.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/02e2885161e190cf2d35cafe3924c61f.png.webp)

以及修改上方`#if defined(BSP_USING_I2C1) || defined(BSP_USING_I2C2) || defined(BSP_USING_I2C3) || defined(BSP_USING_I2C4) || defined(BSP_USING_I2C5) || defined(BSP_USING_I2C6)`（在末尾添加IIC6的判断）

在头文件里也要加上IIC6信息，复制粘贴再修改即可

![10.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/32b46957933145bdf463a1711a3259b3.png.webp)

保存所有修改好的文件，再次打开menuconfig.exe，发现IIC选项内已有IIC6。如图示。

![11.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/1cd22d78024ec62e3be0e71c5bff9722.png)

按住shift+?，查看依赖信息，显示的信息对接的即Kconfig的内容。

---

## 小插曲ಠ_ಠ

### 消失的libraries库

刚刚在修改HAL驱动包时发现，我的bsp包内不存在libraries文件夹，导致我无法修改HAL库来添加IIC6的配置信息。那么如何将libraries目录改至工程目录呢？

我们进入.vscode目录查看`c_cpp_properties.json`文件，如图：

![12.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/43675c51df98496e9f9304a24dc90d97.png)

libraries相关的目录全改为工程目录下，改为如下图示，即删去..\之类的东西。记得保存更改。

![13.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/864df216c7bb5922fba729ee5a21c69b.png)

此时去stm32目录下，找到libraries文件夹，进入找到星火一号的F407VGT6的HAL库，和HAL_Drivers单独拷贝到工程目录下的libraries文件夹内。`scons -j32`编译即可。

### i2c-tools探测设备地址。

在menuconfig.exe中启用，如图。可以很便捷的查找设备地址。

![14.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240726/c4fe8f33467190288d48fd09bf0b214a.png)

---

## 实验5 IIC读与写操作

代码如下
```
#include <rtthread.h>
#include <rtdevice.h>
#include <ulog.h>

#define LOG_TAG    "i2c.app"
#define LOG_LVL    LOG_LVL_DOG

void i2c_sample_single_byte_write(void)
{
    struct rt_i2c_bus_device *i2c_bus;
    struct rt_i2c_msg         msgs;
    rt_uint8_t                buf[2];

i2c_bus = (struct rt_i2c_bus_device *)rt_device_find("i2c2");
    if (i2c_bus == RT_NULL)
    {
        LOG_E("can't find %s device!\n","i2c2");
    }

buf[0] = 0x6B;

msgs.addr = 0x68;
    msgs.flags = RT_I2C_WR;
    msgs.buf = buf;
    msgs.len = 1;

if (rt_i2c_transfer(i2c_bus,&msgs,1) == 1)
        LOG_I("single byte write success!");
    else
        LOG_E("single byte write failed!");

}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(i2c_sample_single_byte_write, i2c_sample_single_byte_write);

void i2c_sample_multi_byte_write(void)
{
    struct rt_i2c_bus_device *i2c_bus;
    struct rt_i2c_msg         msgs;
    rt_uint8_t                buf[3];

i2c_bus = (struct rt_i2c_bus_device *)rt_device_find("i2c2");
    if (i2c_bus == RT_NULL)
    {
        LOG_E("can't find %s device!\n","i2c2");
    }

buf[0] = 0x01;
    buf[1] = 0x02;
    buf[2] = 0x03;

msgs.addr = 0x68;
    msgs.flags = RT_I2C_WR;
    msgs.buf = buf;
    msgs.len = 3;

if (rt_i2c_transfer(i2c_bus,&msgs,1) == 1)
        LOG_I("multi byte write success!");
    else
        LOG_E("multi byte write failed!");
 
}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(i2c_sample_multi_byte_write, i2c_sample_multi_byte_write);

void i2c_sample_single_byte_read(void)
{
    struct rt_i2c_bus_device *i2c_bus;
    struct rt_i2c_msg         msgs[2];
    rt_uint8_t                send_buf[1],recv_buf[1];
    rt_err_t ret = RT_EOK;

i2c_bus = (struct rt_i2c_bus_device *)rt_device_find("i2c2");
    if (i2c_bus == RT_NULL)
    {
        LOG_E("can't find %s device!\n","i2c2");
    }

send_buf[0] = 0x6B;
    recv_buf[1] = 0x6A;

msgs[0].addr = 0x68;
    msgs[0].flags = RT_I2C_WR;
    msgs[0].buf = send_buf;
    msgs[0].len = 1;

msgs[1].addr = 0x68;
    msgs[1].flags = RT_I2C_RD;
    msgs[1].buf = recv_buf;
    msgs[1].len = 1;

ret = rt_i2c_transfer(i2c_bus,&msgs,2);
    if (ret == 2)
        LOG_I("single byte read success!");
    else
        LOG_E("single byte read failed! %d", ret);
 
}
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(i2c_sample_single_byte_read, i2c_sample_single_byte_read);
```