RT-Thread-【2024-RSOC】夏令营Day3日记 : IPC机制RT-Thread问答社区

【2024-RSOC】夏令营Day3日记 : IPC机制

发布于 2024-07-24 23:30:17 浏览：631 订阅该版

[tocm]

# **【2024-RSOC】Day3 : IPC机制**

**【2024-RSOC】** 基于RT-Thread官方开发板星火一号，本篇参考RT-Thread入门pdf资料《RT-Thread 内核-线程间同步》，和夏令营老师讲解，编写而成。本内容面向小白，因为写这个的作者也是小白，跟着夏令营刚开始学，欸嘿（笑）。

![0.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/f54250dee4f4760af66a43dbc51e0813.png.webp)
![1.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/92a06a6b42ebe42c36b759d7a08b1017.png.webp)

[在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1)

如果初次使用spark的bsp软件包，未构建vscode文件，则参考我昨日发布[【2024-RSOC】夏令营Day2：初识rt-thread及多线程简单试用](https://club.rt-thread.org/ask/article/9da7f2983ce3264f.html)中的`初次搞机（干通官方bsp源码）`小节，确保工程文件能正常打开烧录例程，再往下进行。

## 今日の夏令营の课前小玩法简介 ☆*:d(≧▽≦)b:*☆

### **1. msh添加命令**

看好了，msh是这么用的！！！(p≧▽≦)p

`MSH_CMD_EXPORT("对应函数名", "对应介绍");`

比如我们在main函数中添加一段代码，比如：
```
int hatsune_miku(void)
{
   //我是函数
}

MSH_CMD_EXPORT(hatsune_miku, HATSUNE MIKU);
```
然后我们保存，`scons -j32`编译爽一下(p≧▽≦)p

>scons小知识：因为我的139hx有32个县城，所以我是-j32,多核，爽

这时候打开端口，按TAB列出菜单，可以看见我们的MIKU出现了(●'◡'●)

![2.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/1ad431662d21ba2b53643d7d3730a9be.png)

[小节相关在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/finsh/finsh?id=%e8%87%aa%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89-finsh-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4)

---

### **2. menuconfig.exe配置**

>**学妹小贴士 o(*////▽////*)q ：** 如果你害怕初学乱配置给这个包搞坏，不用悲伤，不用着急，你复制一份出来，目录还是在bsp/stm32/下，但名字记得改下分清楚，比如这样：

![图片alt]![3.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/8167b5cf433fe073a181a20996549604.png)

由于本次实验要用到官方写的软件包去学习，软件包官方提供了FAL组件供我们配置下载，具体介绍看这里[FAL相关在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/fal/fal?id=_1%e3%80%81fal%e4%bb%8b%e7%bb%8d)

我们需要在软件包中找到今天IPC课程学到的例程，勾选并开启。
进入spark的板级支持包目录内，打开env窗口，输入`menuconfig.exe`，进入配置页面。

![4.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/72597ae9dbb29631c78f7be03a601228.png)

AMI的BIOS苦了我多年，今日一见此界面，跟找到家似的亲切。

![5.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/b6f65e14b191b2a18f6a4c7ee217b3d6.png)

移动键盘上下键，向下找到`RT-Thread online packages`选项，按回车进入子菜单。向下继续找，找到`miscellaneous packages`,回车进入。进入后找到`samples: kernel and components samples`,再进入找到
`a kernel_samples package for rt-thread`，按照图示勾选。

![6.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/b31e9270530615a298b73f5dfbe0d91e.png)

一路esc,退出窗口时按照提示按Y保存退出即可。在env窗口中输入`pkgs --update`来拉取刚刚menuconfig选中的软件包。
![7.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/41c6cb2fb60536641030e9c611c7b583.png)

这时在spark的根目录下的packages中会出现我们拉取的软件包。

>**学妹小贴士 (●'◡'●) ：**本篇作者不是学妹ಥ_ಥ

---

## 信号量，互斥量，事件集

刚刚成功拉取了软件包是不是爽了一把？

### 信号量

概念请自行阅读在线文档或者pdf[信号量在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1?id=%e4%bf%a1%e5%8f%b7%e9%87%8f)

文档看完了，那我们总结下信号量的基本操作语句：
![8.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/4ab5dfeb26edd4e0ef3b8078234d4833.png.webp)

```
//创建函数如下：
rt_sem_t rt_sem_create(const char *name,   
                        rt_uint32_t value, 
                        rt_uint8_t flag);

//删除函数如下：
rt_err_t rt_sem_delete(rt_sem_t sem);

//初始化函数如下：
rt_err_t rt_sem_init(rt_sem_t sem,
                     const char *name,
                     rt_uint32_t value,
                     rt_uint8_t flag)

//脱离函数如下：
rt_err_t rt_sem_detach(rt_sem_t sem);

//获取信号量函数如下：
rt_err_t rt_sem_take (rt_sem_t sem, rt_int32_t time);

//无等待获取信号量函数如下：
rt_err_t rt_sem_trytake(rt_sem_t sem);

//释放信号量函数如下：
rt_err_t rt_sem_release(rt_sem_t sem);

```

>上面七句话，混个脸熟，认脸就行。注意，这不是数学公式，不用死记硬背。

我们拉取的代码就是[信号量的使用例程文档](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1?id=%e4%bf%a1%e5%8f%b7%e9%87%8f%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b)中的代码，查看代码可知，线程一的优先级比线程二高，在线程一释放信号量后线程二才能收到。

将板子连上电脑，spark根目录内打开env命令窗口，按下TAB，呼出命令列表，输入`semaphore_sample`，运行如下：
![9.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/be7c5029358870543fd76795c7016d1d.png.webp)

### 互斥量

概念请自行阅读在线文档或者pdf[互斥量在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1?id=%e4%ba%92%e6%96%a5%e9%87%8f)

文档看完了，那我们总结下互斥量的基本操作语句：
![10.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/55d99b780eaa64d8b5e5ecce889d2087.png)
```
//创建一个互斥量
rt_mutex_t rt_mutex_create (const char* name, rt_uint8_t flag);

//删除互斥量
rt_err_t rt_mutex_delete (rt_mutex_t mutex);

//初始化互斥量
rt_err_t rt_mutex_init (rt_mutex_t mutex, const char* name, rt_uint8_t flag);

//脱离互斥量
rt_err_t rt_mutex_detach (rt_mutex_t mutex);

//获取互斥量
rt_err_t rt_mutex_take (rt_mutex_t mutex, rt_int32_t time);

//无等待获取互斥量
rt_err_t rt_mutex_trytake(rt_mutex_t mutex);

//释放互斥量
rt_err_t rt_mutex_release(rt_mutex_t mutex);

```
>上面七句话，混个脸熟，认脸就行。注意，这不是数学公式，不用死记硬背。

在env中，键入`mutex_sample`，运行[互斥量的应用示例](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1?id=%e4%ba%92%e6%96%a5%e9%87%8f%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b)，结果如图。

![11.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/33b7a25bd79d2f638b19d8412d163f13.png.webp)

### 事件集

概念请自行阅读在线文档或者pdf[事件集在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1?id=%e4%ba%8b%e4%bb%b6%e9%9b%86)

文档看完了，那我们总结下互斥量的基本操作语句：
![12.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/37407cc5e897c56359c0c2df10a735f8.png)

```
//创建事件集
rt_event_t rt_event_create(const char* name, rt_uint8_t flag);

//删除事件集
rt_err_t rt_event_delete(rt_event_t event);

//初始化事件集
rt_err_t rt_event_init(rt_event_t event, const char* name, rt_uint8_t flag);

//脱离事件集
rt_err_t rt_event_detach(rt_event_t event);

//发送事件
rt_err_t rt_event_send(rt_event_t event, rt_uint32_t set);

//接收事件
rt_err_t rt_event_recv(rt_event_t event,
                           rt_uint32_t set,
                           rt_uint8_t option,
                           rt_int32_t timeout,
                           rt_uint32_t* recved);

```

>上面六句话，混个脸熟，认脸就行。注意，这不是数学公式，不用死记硬背。欸？怎么少一句？

在env中，键入`event_sample`，运行[事件集的应用示例](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc1/ipc1?id=%e4%ba%8b%e4%bb%b6%e9%9b%86%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b)，结果如图。

![13.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/aca37df15965a8992856a3cb1bdf64d5.png)

## 邮箱，消息队列，

### 邮箱
概念请自行阅读在线文档或者pdf[邮箱在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc2/ipc2?id=%e9%82%ae%e7%ae%b1)

文档看完了，那我们总结下邮箱的基本操作语句：
![14.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/46140f1668d2c79be8864b50077a8540.png)

```
//动态创建一个邮箱
rt_mailbox_t rt_mb_create (const char* name, rt_size_t size, rt_uint8_t flag);

//删除邮箱
rt_err_t rt_mb_delete (rt_mailbox_t mb);

//初始化邮箱
  rt_err_t rt_mb_init(rt_mailbox_t mb,
                    const char* name,
                    void* msgpool,
                    rt_size_t size,
                    rt_uint8_t flag)

//脱离邮箱
rt_err_t rt_mb_detach(rt_mailbox_t mb);

//发送邮件
rt_err_t rt_mb_send (rt_mailbox_t mb, rt_uint32_t value);

//等待方式发送邮件
rt_err_t rt_mb_send_wait (rt_mailbox_t mb,
                      rt_uint32_t value,
                      rt_int32_t timeout);

//发送紧急邮件
rt_err_t rt_mb_urgent (rt_mailbox_t mb, rt_ubase_t value);

//接收邮件
rt_err_t rt_mb_recv (rt_mailbox_t mb, rt_uint32_t* value, rt_int32_t timeout);

```
>上面八句......欸怎么是八句？

在env中，键入`mailbox_sample`，运行[邮箱的应用示例](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc2/ipc2?id=%e9%82%ae%e7%ae%b1%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b)，结果如图。

![15.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/648ab407b155a316b235febf9c88d50f.png)

### 消息队列

概念请自行阅读在线文档或者pdf[消息队列在线文档♥点♥我♥看♥](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc2/ipc2?id=%e6%b6%88%e6%81%af%e9%98%9f%e5%88%97)

文档看完了，那我们总结下邮箱的基本操作语句：
![16.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/b01f0b259c5d2fd7b3d8f9a579572588.png)
```
//创建消息队列
rt_mq_t rt_mq_create(const char* name, rt_size_t msg_size,
            rt_size_t max_msgs, rt_uint8_t flag);

//删除消息队列
rt_err_t rt_mq_delete(rt_mq_t mq);

//初始化消息队列
rt_err_t rt_mq_init(rt_mq_t mq, const char* name,
                        void *msgpool, rt_size_t msg_size,
                        rt_size_t pool_size, rt_uint8_t flag);

//脱离消息队列
rt_err_t rt_mq_detach(rt_mq_t mq);

//发送消息
rt_err_t rt_mq_send (rt_mq_t mq, void* buffer, rt_size_t size);

//等待方式发送消息
rt_err_t rt_mq_send_wait(rt_mq_t     mq,
                         const void *buffer,
                         rt_size_t   size,
                         rt_int32_t  timeout);

//发送紧急消息
rt_err_t rt_mq_urgent(rt_mq_t mq, void* buffer, rt_size_t size);

//接收消息
rt_ssize_t rt_mq_recv (rt_mq_t mq, void* buffer,
                    rt_size_t size, rt_int32_t timeout);

```

>以上就是邮箱的八句......欸？哪里不对的样子？

在env中，键入`msgq_sample`，运行[消息队列的应用示例](https://www.rt-thread.org/document/site/#/rt-thread-version/rt-thread-standard/programming-manual/ipc2/ipc2?id=%e6%b6%88%e6%81%af%e9%98%9f%e5%88%97%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b)，结果如图。

![17.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/e4c328faf80af979bc4c8172424578c5.png)

## 今日作业：至少用两种IPC编写试验代码

参考我昨日发布[【2024-RSOC】夏令营Day2：初识rt-thread及多线程简单试用](https://club.rt-thread.org/ask/article/9da7f2983ce3264f.html)中的`小试牛刀（hello world）`小节，仿照新建c文件，确保文件能正常新建并编译。今天作业命名为Day3文件夹，文件目录如图示：

![18.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/dd64853bf1af67f3407e6ba13110bbd8.png)

### 思路设计

板载旁边有一颗led灯珠，内部包含两个灯。

缝合两种机制，我们创建5个线程。

线程1在count每计数10次时，发送一个信号量，线程2在接收信号量后，对number进行加1操作，加到10后完成任务亮红灯并发送一次事件3。
线程3在count每计数10次时，发送一个信号量，线程4在接收信号量后，对number进行加1操作，加到10后完成任务亮蓝灯并发送一次事件5。

线程5在收到3和5后才能报告allover并退出。

代码如下：
```

#include <board.h>
#include <rtthread.h>
#include <drv_gpio.h>
#ifndef RT_USING_NANO
#include <rtdevice.h>
#endif /* RT_USING_NANO */

#define GPIO_LED_B    GET_PIN(F, 11)
#define GPIO_LED_R    GET_PIN(F, 12)

/* 指向信号量的指针 */
static rt_sem_t dynamic_sem = RT_NULL;

#define THREAD_PRIORITY      9
#define THREAD_TIMESLICE     5

#define EVENT_FLAG3 (1 << 3)
#define EVENT_FLAG5 (1 << 5)

/* 事件控制块 */
static struct rt_event event;

#ifdef rt_align
rt_align(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#else
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#endif
static char thread1_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread1;

/* 线程1入口函数 */
static void thread1_entry(void *param)
{
    static rt_uint8_t count = 0;

while (1)
    {
        if (count <= 100)
        {
            count++;
        }
        else
            return;

/* count每计数10次，就释放一次信号量 */
        if (0 == (count % 10))
        {
            //rt_kprintf("thread1 release a dynamic semaphore.\n");
            rt_sem_release(dynamic_sem);
        }
    }
}

#ifdef rt_align
rt_align(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#else
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#endif
static char thread2_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread2;

/* 线程2入口 */
static void thread2_entry(void *param)
{
  static rt_err_t result;
    static rt_uint8_t number = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        /* 永久方式等待信号量，获取到信号量，则执行number自加的操作 */
        result = rt_sem_take(dynamic_sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
        if (result != RT_EOK)
        {
            rt_kprintf("thread2 take a dynamic semaphore, failed.\n");
            rt_sem_delete(dynamic_sem);
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            number++;
            rt_kprintf("thread2 take a dynamic semaphore. number = %d\n", number);
            if (number==5)
            {
                rt_pin_write(GPIO_LED_R, PIN_LOW);
                rt_kprintf("thread1and2: over\n");
                rt_event_send(&event, EVENT_FLAG3);
                rt_thread_mdelay(200);/* code */
                return;

}
            
        }
    }
}

#ifdef rt_align
rt_align(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#else
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#endif
static char thread3_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread3;

/* 线程3入口 */
static void thread3_entry(void *param)
{
     static rt_uint8_t count = 0;

while (1)
    {
        if (count <= 100)
        {
            count++;
        }
        else
            return;

/* count每计数10次，就释放一次信号量 */
        if (0 == (count % 10))
        {
            //rt_kprintf("thread3 release a dynamic semaphore.\n");
            rt_sem_release(dynamic_sem);
        }
    }
}

#ifdef rt_align
rt_align(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#else
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#endif
static char thread4_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread4;

/* 线程4入口 */
static void thread4_entry(void *param)
{
    static rt_err_t result;
    static rt_uint8_t number = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        /* 永久方式等待信号量，获取到信号量，则执行number自加的操作 */
        result = rt_sem_take(dynamic_sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
        if (result != RT_EOK)
        {
            rt_kprintf("thread4 take a dynamic semaphore, failed.\n");
            rt_sem_delete(dynamic_sem);
            return;
        }
        else
        {
            number++;
            rt_kprintf("thread4 take a dynamic semaphore. number = %d\n", number);
             if (number==5)
            {
                rt_pin_write(GPIO_LED_B, PIN_LOW);
                rt_kprintf("thread3and4: over\n");
                rt_event_send(&event, EVENT_FLAG5);
                rt_thread_mdelay(200);/* code */
                return;

}
        }
    }
}

#ifdef rt_align
rt_align(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#else
ALIGN(RT_ALIGN_SIZE)
#endif
static char thread5_stack[1024];
static struct rt_thread thread5;
/* 线程5入口 */
static void thread5_entry(void *param)
{
    rt_uint32_t e;

if (rt_event_recv(&event, (EVENT_FLAG3 | EVENT_FLAG5),
                      RT_EVENT_FLAG_AND | RT_EVENT_FLAG_CLEAR,
                      RT_WAITING_FOREVER, &e) == RT_EOK)
    {
        rt_kprintf("allover\n" );
    }
}

int hatsune_miku(void)
{
    
    /* 创建一个动态信号量，初始值是0 */
    dynamic_sem = rt_sem_create("dsem", 0, RT_IPC_FLAG_PRIO);
    if (dynamic_sem == RT_NULL)
    {
        rt_kprintf("create dynamic semaphore failed.\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        rt_kprintf("create done. dynamic semaphore value = 0.\n");
    }

rt_err_t result;
    /* 初始化事件对象 */
    result = rt_event_init(&event, "event", RT_IPC_FLAG_PRIO);
    if (result != RT_EOK)
    {
        rt_kprintf("init event failed.\n");
        return -1;
    }

//线程1
    rt_thread_init(&thread1,
                   "thread1",
                   thread1_entry,
                   RT_NULL,
                   &thread1_stack[0],
                   sizeof(thread1_stack),
                   THREAD_PRIORITY  , THREAD_TIMESLICE);
#ifdef RT_USING_SMP
    /* 绑定线程到同一个核上，避免启用多核时的输出混乱 */
    rt_thread_control(&thread1, RT_THREAD_CTRL_BIND_CPU, (void*)0);
#endif
    rt_thread_startup(&thread1);

//线程2
    rt_thread_init(&thread2,
                   "thread2",
                   thread2_entry,
                   RT_NULL,
                   &thread2_stack[0],
                   sizeof(thread2_stack),
                   THREAD_PRIORITY - 1, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
#ifdef RT_USING_SMP
    /* 绑定线程到同一个核上，避免启用多核时的输出混乱 */
    rt_thread_control(&thread2, RT_THREAD_CTRL_BIND_CPU, (void*)0);
#endif
    rt_thread_startup(&thread2);

//线程3
    rt_thread_init(&thread3,
                   "thread3",
                   thread3_entry,
                   RT_NULL,
                   &thread3_stack[0],
                   sizeof(thread3_stack),
                   THREAD_PRIORITY -2, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
#ifdef RT_USING_SMP
    /* 绑定线程到同一个核上，避免启用多核时的输出混乱 */
    rt_thread_control(&thread3, RT_THREAD_CTRL_BIND_CPU, (void*)0);
#endif
    rt_thread_startup(&thread3);

//线程4
    rt_thread_init(&thread4,
                   "thread4",
                   thread4_entry,
                   RT_NULL,
                   &thread4_stack[0],
                   sizeof(thread4_stack),
                   THREAD_PRIORITY - 3, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
#ifdef RT_USING_SMP
    /* 绑定线程到同一个核上，避免启用多核时的输出混乱 */
    rt_thread_control(&thread4, RT_THREAD_CTRL_BIND_CPU, (void*)0);
#endif
    rt_thread_startup(&thread4);

//线程5
    rt_thread_init(&thread5,
                   "thread5",
                   thread5_entry,
                   RT_NULL,
                   &thread5_stack[0],
                   sizeof(thread5_stack),
                   THREAD_PRIORITY - 4, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
#ifdef RT_USING_SMP
    /* 绑定线程到同一个核上，避免启用多核时的输出混乱 */
    rt_thread_control(&thread4, RT_THREAD_CTRL_BIND_CPU, (void*)0);
#endif
    rt_thread_startup(&thread5);

return 0;
}

/* 导出到 msh 命令列表中 */
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(hatsune_miku, hatsune miku);

```
运行结果如下：

![19.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20240724/0b98c08e3488de0130197a5846eb504c.png)

板子上两个灯同时亮起(┬┬﹏┬┬)。