为啥rtthread studio 的map文件没有Image component sizes

发布于 2023-12-01 16:58:09 浏览：286 订阅该版

1 个回答

聚散无由 2023-12-01

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# 根据map文件统计各个文件的bss段占用空间

## 问题分析

1. 一个常见的链接脚本的BSS段信息如下：

```linkscript
        .bss :
        {
            /* 对当前地址4字节对齐 */
            . = ALIGN(4);
            /* BSS段起始地址 */
            _sbss = .;

*(.bss)
            *(.bss.*)
            *(COMMON)

/* 对当前地址4字节对齐 */
            . = ALIGN(4);
            /* BSS端结束地址 */
            _ebss = . ;
            
            *(.bss.init)
        } > RAM
    ```

2. 产生的map文件关于bss段信息如下：

```
    .bss            0x20000b08      0x8f8 load address 0x0800dc48
                    0x20000b08                . = ALIGN (0x4)
                    0x20000b08                _sbss = .
    *(.bss)
    .bss           0x20000b08       0x1c XXX/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.4.1/armv7e-m/fpu/crtbegin.o
    *(.bss.*)
    .bss.rt_tick   0x20000b24        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/clock.o
    .bss.idle      0x20000b28       0x80 ./rt-thread/src/idle.o
    .bss.rt_thread_stack
                    0x20000ba8      0x100 ./rt-thread/src/idle.o
    .bss.idle_hook_list
                    0x20000ca8       0x10 ./rt-thread/src/idle.o
    .bss.rt_interrupt_enter_hook
                    0x20000cb8        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/irq.o
    .bss.rt_interrupt_leave_hook
                    0x20000cbc        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/irq.o
    .bss.rt_interrupt_nest
                    0x20000cc0        0x1 ./rt-thread/src/irq.o
                    0x20000cc0                rt_interrupt_nest
    *fill*         0x20000cc1        0x3 
    .bss.__rt_errno
                    0x20000cc4        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/kservice.o
    .bss._console_device
                    0x20000cc8        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/kservice.o
    .bss.rt_log_buf.5951
                    0x20000ccc      0x100 ./rt-thread/src/kservice.o
    .bss.rt_malloc_hook
                    0x20000dcc        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.rt_free_hook
                    0x20000dd0        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.heap_ptr  0x20000dd4        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.heap_end  0x20000dd8        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.lfree     0x20000ddc        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.heap_sem  0x20000de0       0x20 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.mem_size_aligned
                    0x20000e00        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.used_mem  0x20000e04        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.max_mem   0x20000e08        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/mem.o
    .bss.rt_object_attach_hook
                    0x20000e0c        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/object.o
    .bss.rt_object_detach_hook
                    0x20000e10        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/object.o
    .bss.rt_scheduler_lock_nest
                    0x20000e14        0x2 ./rt-thread/src/scheduler.o
    *fill*         0x20000e16        0x2 
    .bss.rt_current_thread
                    0x20000e18        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/scheduler.o
                    0x20000e18                rt_current_thread
    .bss.rt_scheduler_hook
                    0x20000e1c        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/scheduler.o
    .bss.rt_thread_suspend_hook
                    0x20000e20        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/thread.o
    .bss.rt_thread_resume_hook
                    0x20000e24        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/thread.o
    .bss.rt_thread_inited_hook
                    0x20000e28        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/thread.o
    .bss.rt_timer_list
                    0x20000e2c        0x8 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.rt_soft_timer_list
                    0x20000e34        0x8 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.timer_thread
                    0x20000e3c       0x80 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.timer_thread_stack
                    0x20000ebc      0x200 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.rt_timer_enter_hook
                    0x200010bc        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.rt_timer_exit_hook
                    0x200010c0        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.random_nr.5750
                    0x200010c4        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/timer.o
    .bss.rt_exception_hook
                    0x200010c8        0x4 ./rt-thread/libcpu/arm/cortex-m4/cpuport.o
    .bss._syscall_table_begin
                    0x200010cc        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
                    0x200010cc                _syscall_table_begin
    .bss._syscall_table_end
                    0x200010d0        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
                    0x200010d0                _syscall_table_end
    .bss._sysvar_table_begin
                    0x200010d4        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
                    0x200010d4                _sysvar_table_begin
    .bss._sysvar_table_end
                    0x200010d8        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
                    0x200010d8                _sysvar_table_end
    .bss.finsh_prompt_custom
                    0x200010dc        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
    .bss.finsh_prompt.7213
                    0x200010e0      0x101 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
    *fill*         0x200011e1        0x3 
    .bss.already_output.6118
                    0x200011e4        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/drivers/serial/serial.o
    .bss._hw_pin   0x200011e8       0x44 ./rt-thread/components/drivers/misc/pin.o
    .bss.pin_irq_enable_mask
                    0x2000122c        0x4 ./drivers/drv_gpio.o
    .bss.uart_obj  0x20001230       0x9c ./drivers/drv_usart.o
    *(COMMON)
    COMMON         0x200012cc        0x4 ./rt-thread/src/kservice.o
                    0x200012cc                rt_assert_hook
    COMMON         0x200012d0        0xc ./rt-thread/src/object.o
                    0x200012d0                rt_object_put_hook
                    0x200012d4                rt_object_take_hook
                    0x200012d8                rt_object_trytake_hook
    COMMON         0x200012dc      0x110 ./rt-thread/src/scheduler.o
                    0x200012dc                rt_thread_priority_table
                    0x200013dc                rt_current_priority
                    0x200013e0                rt_thread_ready_priority_group
                    0x200013e4                rt_thread_defunct
    COMMON         0x200013ec        0xc ./rt-thread/libcpu/arm/cortex-m4/cpuport.o
                    0x200013ec                rt_interrupt_to_thread
                    0x200013f0                rt_interrupt_from_thread
                    0x200013f4                rt_thread_switch_interrupt_flag
    COMMON         0x200013f8        0x4 ./rt-thread/components/finsh/shell.o
                    0x200013f8                shell
    ```

可以看到，规则是：

- `.bss 变量地址 变量大小 变量所在文件`
    - `.bss.变量名 变量地址 变量大小 变量所在文件`
    - `*fill* 变量地址 变量大小 变量所在文件`
    - `COMMON 变量地址 变量大小 变量所在文件`

## 解决方案

### 方式一

你可以在VS Code安装插件：

```
名称: GNU Linker Map files
ID: trond-snekvik.gnu-mapfiles
说明: Syntax highlighting and symbol listing for GNU linker .map files
版本: 1.1.0
发布者: Trond Snekvik
VS Marketplace 链接: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=trond-snekvik.gnu-mapfiles
```

用VS Code打开map文件，结合大纲视图面板和高亮效果手动查看，

### 方式二

这是一个用python实现的示例代码，主要分为以下几个步骤：

1. 打开map文件，读取文件内容
2. 遍历文件内容，根据正则表达式匹配出BSS段信息
3. 统计每个文件BSS段的大小，并将结果存储到bss_file_info字典中
4. 打印结果

```python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
统计BSS段信息
"""

import re

# MAP文件路径
MAP_FILAPATH = 'Debug/rtthread.map'

# hex正则表达式
HEX_PATTERN = r'0x[0-9a-fA-F]+'

# 每个文件的BSS段大小信息，其中key为文件名，value为BSS段的总字节数
bss_file_info = {}

with open(MAP_FILAPATH, 'r') as f:
    # 以空格分割整个文件的字符串
    strings = f.read().split()
    # print('strings: ', strings)

bss_var_count = 0
    for i in range(len(strings)):
        if re.match(r'^(\.bss|(\.bss\.[_0-9a-zA-Z\.]+)|(COMMON))|(\.bss\.init)$', strings[i]) and \
        re.match(HEX_PATTERN, strings[i+1]) and len(strings[i+1]) == 10 and\
        re.match(HEX_PATTERN, strings[i+2]) and \
        (strings[i+3].endswith('.o') or '.a' in strings[i+3]):
            bss_var_count += 1
            bss_var = strings[i]
            bss_addr = strings[i+1]
            bss_size = strings[i+2]
            bss_file = strings[i+3]

# 计算每个文件的BSS段的大小
            bss_size_in_bytes = int(bss_size, 16)
            if bss_size_in_bytes != 0:
                # print('%10s %10s %-80s %s' %(bss_addr, bss_size, bss_var, bss_file))
                if bss_file not in bss_file_info:
                    bss_file_info[bss_file] = bss_size_in_bytes
                else:
                    bss_file_info[bss_file] += bss_size_in_bytes

# 将字典转换为列表
    list_example = list(bss_file_info.items())
    # 根据值（int类型）的大小对键（字符串）进行排序
    sorted_list = sorted(list_example, key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
    # 将排序后的列表重新转换回字典
    bss_file_info_sorted = dict(sorted_list)

# 打印排序后的结果
    total_bss_size = 0
    for k, v in bss_file_info_sorted.items():
        print('%10d bytes: %s' %(v, k))
        total_bss_size += v
    print('known total bss size: %d bytes' %total_bss_size)
```

这个代码没有统计填充部分`*fill*`的大小。输出如下：

```
     16200 bytes: build/test/gcov/gcov_public.o
      4096 bytes: build/bsp/m_printf.o
      2048 bytes: build/test/src/test_settings.o
      1533 bytes: build/app/app_uart.o
      1061 bytes: build/rt-thread/bsp/rt_kprintf.o
       589 bytes: build/bsp/m_settings.o
       497 bytes: build/app/app_protocol.o
       409 bytes: build/test/src/test_all.o
       392 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/idle.o
       332 bytes: build/backtrace/cm_backtrace.o
       282 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/scheduler.o
       232 bytes: build/app/app_errno.o
       212 bytes: build/app/app_main.o
       195 bytes: build/app/app_flash.o
       148 bytes: build/test/unity/unity.o
       130 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/pthreads/pthread.o
       112 bytes: build/app/app_settings.o
       108 bytes: build/app/app_msg.o
        68 bytes: build/Core/Src/usart.o
        64 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/mem.o
        64 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/pthreads/pthread_tls.o
        44 bytes: build/bsp/m_button.o
        40 bytes: build/bsp/m_event.o
        38 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/pthreads/semaphore.o
        36 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/pthreads/mqueue.o
        32 bytes: build/Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_flash.o
        28 bytes: d:/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4_9-2015q3-20150921/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/armv7e-m/fpu/crtbegin.o
        23 bytes: build/components/cJSON/cJSON.o
        20 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/object.o
        20 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/timer.o
        16 bytes: build/app/app_crc.o
        16 bytes: build/rt-thread/libcpu/cpuport.o
        12 bytes: d:/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4_9-2015q3-20150921/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/arm
        12 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/thread.o
        12 bytes: build/test/src/test_protocol.o
        12 bytes: build/Core/Src/iwdg.o
         9 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/irq.o
         8 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/time/clock_time.o
         8 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/kservice.o
         8 bytes: d:/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4_9-2015q3-20150921/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/arm
         4 bytes: build/rt-thread/src/clock.o
         4 bytes: d:/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4_9-2015q3-20150921/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/arm
         4 bytes: build/Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal.o
         4 bytes: d:/gcc-arm-none-eabi-4_9-2015q3-20150921/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.9.3/../../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/arm
         2 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/pthreads/pthread_cond.o
         2 bytes: build/rt-thread/components/libc/pthreads/pthread_mutex.o
known total bss size: 29186 bytes
```

这个代码统计思路有点简易，可能不那么准确，建议你在VS Code打开原始的map文件的，然后复制`Linker script and memory map`中的.bss段的全部内容到一个新的文件，然后用上面的代码来统计新文件的bss段大小信息。