RT-Thread-D1 哪吒开发板 rt-smart 使用u-boot bootm 引导运行RT-Thread问答社区

D1 哪吒开发板 rt-smart 使用u-boot bootm 引导运行

发布于 2022-06-18 11:20:29 浏览：2458 订阅该版

[tocm]

[D1 哪吒开发板 上电记录](https://club.rt-thread.org/ask/article/a3f6964bd395b220.html)

[D1 哪吒开发板 rt-smart 烧写与运行](https://club.rt-thread.org/ask/article/5710c99a2ad53529.html)

## 前言

- 最近折腾 D1 哪吒开发板 如何运行 `rt-smart`，今天重新梳理了一下u-boot 引导 rt-smart 的方法，发现 u-boot 可以使用bootm 正常引导 `rt-smart`

## 操作方法

- 哪吒d1-h的 `rt-smart` BSP [https://gitee.com/zhangsz0516/allwinner_d1s](https://gitee.com/zhangsz0516/allwinner_d1s) 编译后，运行 `generateimg.sh` shell 脚本，生成 rtthread.img 镜像，这个镜像，其实类似于 Linux 的uImage

- `generateimg.sh` shell 脚本内容如下：

```bash
#!/bin/sh
mkimage -A riscv -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x45000000 -e 0x45000000 -d rtthread.bin rtthread.img
```

- 如果 `mkimage` 找不到，ubuntu 安装： `apt-get install u-boot-tools` 即可

![2022-06-18_104251.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/dff4806463fc312bf759c4b63255619e.png "2022-06-18_104251.png")

- 把这个 rtthread.img ，替换全志 Tina Linux SDK 中 `tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/boot.img` 即可

- 再使用 `pack` 命令打包，打包后的镜像：`tina-d1-h/out/d1-h-nezha/tina_d1-h-nezha_uart0.img` 烧写到 开发板的spi nand flash中，即可引导运行 `rt-smart`

![2022-06-18_104446.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/830a9839194303f57238599b7296d830.png "2022-06-18_104446.png")

## 备注

- rt-smart 编译并使用 mkimage 打包，生成 rtthread.img，这个镜像就可以直接使用 u-boot bootm 引导

- 这里 把 rtthread.img 替换 boot.img，并使用 `pack` 打包，是为了让全志平台烧写工具`PhoenixSuit.exe` 可以正常烧写

- 后面研究 u-boot 通过 tftp 引导 rt-smart，这样就省略了 `pack` 过程

## 启动信息

- 以下为开发板上电完整的启动信息

```c
[205]HELLO! BOOT0 is starting!
[208]BOOT0 commit : 88480af
[210]set pll start
[212]fix vccio detect value:0xc0
[215]periph0 has been enabled
[218]set pll end
[220][pmu]: bus read error
[222]board init ok
[224]get_pmu_exist() = -1
[227]DRAM BOOT DRIVE INFO: V0.33
[230]DRAM CLK = 792 MHz
[232]DRAM Type = 3 (2:DDR2,3:DDR3)
[235]DRAMC ZQ value: 0x7b7bfb
[238]DRAM ODT value: 0x42.
[241]ddr_efuse_type: 0x0
[244]DRAM SIZE =1024 M
[246]dram_tpr4:0x0
[247]PLL_DDR_CTRL_REG:0xf8004100
[250]DRAM_CLK_REG:0xc0000000
[253][TIMING DEBUG] MR2= 0x18
[257]DRAM simple test OK.
[260]dram size =1024
[262]spinand UBOOT_START_BLK_NUM 8 UBOOT_LAST_BLK_NUM 32
[267]block from 8 to 32
[325]Check is correct.
[327]dma 0x301a8 int is not used yet
[331]dma 0x301a8 int is free, you do not need to free it again
[336]Entry_name        = opensbi
[339]Entry_name        = u-boot
[343]Entry_name        = dtb
[345]Jump to second Boot.

OpenSBI auto-t113-linux-V0.8-2-g053d088
   ____                    _____ ____ _____
  / __ \                  / ____|  _ \_   _|
 | |  | |_ __   ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
 | |  | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \|  _ < | |
 | |__| | |_) |  __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
  \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
        | |
        |_|

Platform Name          : T-HEAD Xuantie Platform
Platform HART Features : RV64ACDFIMSUVX
Platform Max HARTs     : 1
Current Hart           : 0
Firmware Base          : 0x41fc0400
Firmware Size          : 75 KB
Runtime SBI Version    : 0.2

MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b1ff
PMP0    : 0x0000000041fc0000-0x0000000041fdffff (A)
PMP1    : 0x0000000040000000-0x000000007fffffff (A,R,W,X)
PMP2    : 0x0000000080000000-0x00000000bfffffff (A,R,W,X)
PMP3    : 0x0000000000020000-0x0000000000027fff (A,

U-Boot 2018.05-g24521d6 (Feb 11 2022 - 08:52:39 +0000) Allwinner Technology

[00.430]DRAM:  1 GiB
[00.433]Relocation Offset is: 3dee7000
[00.437]secure enable bit: 0
[00.439]CPU=1008 MHz,PLL6=600 Mhz,AHB=200 Mhz, APB1=100Mhz  MBus=300Mhz
[00.446]flash init start
[00.448]workmode = 0,storage type = 0
sspi->base_addr = 0x4025000, the SPI control register:
[VER] 0x4025000 = 0x00010001, [GCR] 0x4025004 = 0x00000083, [TCR] 0x4025008 = 0x00000184
[ICR] 0x4025010 = 0x00000f00, [ISR] 0x4025014 = 0x00000032, [FCR] 0x4025018 = 0x00200020
[FSR] 0x402501c = 0x00000000, [WCR] 0x4025020 = 0x00000000, [CCR] 0x4025024 = 0x00000002
[SDC] 0x4025028 = 0x00002000, [BCR] 0x4025030 = 0x00000000, [TCR] 0x4025034 = 0x00000000
[BCC] 0x4025038 = 0x20000000, [DMA] 0x4025088 = 0x000000e5

[00.495]sunxi-spinand-phy: not detect any munufacture from id table
[00.502]sunxi-spinand-phy: get spi-nand Model from fdt fail
[00.507]sunxi-spinand-phy: get phy info from fdt fail

device nand0 <nand>, # parts = 4
 #: name		size		offset		mask_flags
 0: boot0               0x00100000	0x00000000	1
 1: uboot               0x00300000	0x00100000	1
 2: secure_storage      0x00100000	0x00400000	1
 3: sys                 0x0fb00000	0x00500000	0

active partition: nand0,0 - (boot0) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000

defaults:
mtdids  : nand0=nand
mtdparts: mtdparts=nand:1024k@0(boot0)ro,3072k@1048576(uboot)ro,1024k@4194304(secure_storage)ro,-(sys)
[00.842]ubi0: attaching mtd4
[01.044]ubi0: scanning is finished
[01.052]ubi0: attached mtd4 (name "sys", size 251 MiB)
[01.056]ubi0: PEB size: 262144 bytes (256 KiB), LEB size: 258048 bytes
[01.063]ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 4096/4096, sub-page size 2048
[01.069]ubi0: VID header offset: 2048 (aligned 2048), data offset: 4096
[01.075]ubi0: good PEBs: 1004, bad PEBs: 0, corrupted PEBs: 0
[01.081]ubi0: user volume: 9, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
[01.087]ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 2/1, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 0
[01.095]ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 1004, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 40
[01.104]sunxi flash init ok
[01.106]line:703 init_clocks
[01.109]drv_disp_init
request pwm success, pwm2:pwm2:0x2000c00.
[01.126]drv_disp_init finish
[01.129]boot_gui_init:start
[01.132]set disp.dev2_output_type fail. using defval=0
[01.158]boot_gui_init:finish
[01.392]LCD open finish
partno erro : can't find partition bootloader
54 bytes read in 0 ms
[01.451]bmp_name=bootlogo.bmp size 3072054
3072054 bytes read in 65 ms (45.1 MiB/s)
[01.647]Loading Environment from SUNXI_FLASH... OK
[01.669]out of usb burn from boot: not need burn key
[01.674]Item0 (Map) magic is bad
partno erro : can't find partition private
[01.703]update bootcmd
[01.715]change working_fdt 0x7eaa6da0 to 0x7ea86da0
No reserved memory region found in source FDT
[01.742]update dts
noncached_alloc(): addr = 0x7eb1c1c0
noncached_alloc(): addr = 0x7eb44980
noncached_alloc(): addr = 0x7eac8a40
noncached_alloc(): addr = 0x7ef2d040
phy_mode=rgmii, phy_interface=7
gmac: *** using ephy_clk ***
eth0
Warning: eth0 (eth0) using random MAC address - 2e:17:cd:95:95:03

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
dsp0:gpio init config fail
dsp0:sharespace config fail
dsp0 version is r528-tina-v1.0.0-release-37-g735b6b4-dirty
DSP0 start ok, img length 254860, booting from 0x400660
[01.832]no vendor_boot partition is found
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 45000000 ...
   Image Name:   
   Image Type:   RISC-V Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    249576 Bytes = 243.7 KiB
   Load Address: 45000000
   Entry Point:  45000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
[01.861]
Starting kernel ...

heap: [0x45077bb0 - 0x48277bb0]

\ | /
- RT -     Thread Smart Operating System
 / | \     5.0.0 build Jun 18 2022
 2006 - 2020 Copyright by rt-thread team
file system initialization done!
Hello RISC-V
allwinner_d1-h board with rt-smart
msh />main : ok
main : ok
```

## 小结

- scons 生成后的产物，跟 make 生成的产物一样，都是可执行的文件，但是不能直接在 nand flash 上启动，需要通过u-boot，读取到 RAM中执行

- `mkimage` 打包后的 镜像文件，在原 固件上增加了 64字节的 `header` 镜像信息，可以使用 bootm 引导，传递一些 固件相关的信息等

![2022-06-18_105625.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/70e0b82f6d1126041bcde8bfb8efdf36.png "2022-06-18_105625.png")

- 通过以上的操作，全志 Tina Linux  SDK 中的代码，如u-boot 基本上不需要更改

- `rootfs` 分区好像rt-smart暂时没有用的，为了减少`pack` 后的镜像体积，可以 把 `rootfs` 这个分区先注释掉，修改方法为：`tina-d1-h/device/config/chips/d1-h/configs/nezha/sys_partition.fex`文件，注释掉  `rootfs` 分区

![2022-06-18_110032.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/d57a3b2d927138300592b3821b262ed6.png "2022-06-18_110032.png")

- windows 下 使用 全志平台烧写工具`PhoenixSuit.exe` 进行烧写，这里烧写到 spi nand flash 中，方法为 打开 `PhoenixSuit.exe`，选择 烧写的文件，如：`tina_d1-h-nezha_uart0.img`，此时开发板断电，按住【FEL】按键不放，USB 线插入 【OTG】的那个 USB 口，烧写工具：`PhoenixSuit.exe` 会自动进入烧写状态，此时就可以松开【FEL】按键

![2022-06-18_110526.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/9ab76461f1b671ba0e6b7dfb4ee6e078.png.webp "2022-06-18_110526.png")

- 按住【FEL】按键，并且插入 USB 【OTG】后，进入烧写模式

![2022-06-18_110813.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/f583a47a1e9ee54be8510d0d070bb21a.png.webp "2022-06-18_110813.png")

- 此时松开【FEL】按键，等待烧写完成，烧写过程，串口有打印信息

![2022-06-18_110925.png](https://oss-club.rt-thread.org/uploads/20220618/47fd473d2fb416908894fb05ea6a83ad.png.webp "2022-06-18_110925.png")